2022 GEM e2/e4/e6/eL XD Owner’s Manual

The roof warnings and disclosures are located on the underside of the roof.

• 1 Low Speed Vehicle Disclosure

• 2 Ontario Low Speed Vehicle Warning Label (Canadian Models only)

• 3 Cargo Limit Warning (eL XD only)

The rollover risk warning 4 is located on the underside of the glove box lid.

WARNING

• Avoid Abrupt Maneuvers and Excessive Speed.

• Always Buckle Up.

• See Owner’s Manual for further Information.

Seat belt warnings 5 are located near the shoulder anchor for each seat belt.

WARNING

TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH: Always fasten your seat belt.

The cargo limit cargo warning label 6 is located at the rear of the vehicle.

WARNING

• Never carry passengers on rear platform.

• Passengers can be thrown off. This can cause serious injury or death.

WARNING
STANDARD CARGO LIMIT 15 kg / 33 lbs.
S-BED/TRUNK-BACK CARGO LIMIT 150 kg / 330 lbs.

Distribute weight evenly. Ensure loads are properly secured. Total weight of passengers, accessories, and cargo must not exceed gross vehicle weight rating in owner's manual.

The maximum payload capacity of your vehicle is the maximum weight you may add to your vehicle without exceeding the GVWR. This capacity is determined by calculating the difference between your vehicle’s GVWR and wet weight.

Refer to the specification section of this manual or the Manufacturer’s Label on the vehicle for model-specific information.

When determining the weight, you will be adding to your vehicle, and to ensure you do not exceed the maximum payload capacity, include the following:

• operator body weight

• passenger body weight

• weight of all occupants’ apparel and items in or on apparel

• weight of any options or accessories and their contents

• weight of any additional cargo on the vehicle

• weight is distributed evenly. Do not exceed the GAWR, see Specifications

• weight distribution does not extend beyond the boundaries of the vehicle

Never install any accessory that grounds to the vehicle chassis. The chassis is a floating ground to protect against electrical short circuits and hazards.

Do not install any non-GEM-approved accessory or modify the vehicle including for the purpose of increasing speed or power.

The warranty on your GEM vehicle may be voided if any non-GEM-approved equipment and/or modifications have been added to the vehicle.

The addition of certain accessories, including (but not limited to) accessory boxes or large racks, may change the handling characteristics of the vehicle. Use only GEM-approved accessories, and familiarize yourself with their function and effect on the vehicle.

Riding in this vehicle without wearing the seat belt increases the risk of serious injury in the event of an accident or sudden stop. Occupants must wear seat belts at all times. Always make sure the seat belts are secured for operator and all passengers before operating.

Operating this vehicle without proper instruction increases the risk of an accident. The operator must understand how to operate the vehicle properly in different situations and on different types of terrain. All operators must read and understand the Owner's Manual and all warning and instruction labels before operating the vehicle.

Always ensure a minimum of 1 to 5 air changes per hour in the charging area (depending on factors such as the number of vehicles charging).

Never drink alcohol or use drugs or medications before or while operating this vehicle.

Carrying loads on the roof could damage the roof and affect vehicle handling, which could result in an accident or rollover. Never carry loads on the roof of the vehicle.

Never exceed the stated load capacity for this vehicle. Cargo should be properly distributed and securely attached.

Reduce speed and follow the instructions on cargo warning labels for hauling cargo. Allow a greater distance for braking.

Leaving the keys in the vehicle can lead to unauthorized use of the vehicle by someone without a driver’s license or without proper training. This could result in an accident or rollover. Always remove the key when the vehicle is not in use.

GEM CUSTOMER SERVICE

Phone: 855–RIDEGEM (855–743–3436)

Web: www.gemcar.com

The left control lever contains the turn signal switch, the horn switch, the headlight on/off switch and the high/low headlight beam switch.

Turn Signal Switch

NOTICE

The key must be in the ON position to activate the turn signals.

Check turn signal lamps before each ride. When driving, activate a turn signal before turning to alert others of your intentions.

Move the lever upward 1 to signal a right turn. Move the lever downward 2 to signal a left turn. The corresponding turn signal lamps on the front and rear of the vehicle will flash. The corresponding turn indicator in the LCD display will also flash.

Horn Switch

Press the tip of the left control lever 1 inward to sound the horn.

The right control lever contains the hazard signal switch, and the windshield wiper and washer switches (if equipped).

Hazard Signal Switch

Press the tip of the lever inward 1 to cause all turn signal lamps to flash simultaneously. Use this feature to alert others of an emergency or other situation requiring caution, especially if your vehicle becomes disabled on or near a road. Press the switch again to cancel the hazard signals.

Windshield Wiper

Rotate the knurled barrel 1 forward to turn the windshield wipers on. Pull the control lever toward the driver’s seat to activate the washer (if equipped).

If the wiper fails to work, check for a blown fuse at the fuse block. See Fuses and Relays.

CAUTION

A worn or damaged wiper blade could impair operator vision and result in an accident. A worn wiper blade could also damage windshield glass. Always replace worn or damaged wiper blades promptly.

• When the key is turned to the OFF position 1, the vehicle will not accelerate.

• When the key is turned to the ON position 2 (clockwise), the display will light up and all electrical accessories can be used.

Leaving the key in the ON position will discharge the batteries. Always turn the key to the OFF position when not operating. Remove the key from the ignition to prevent unauthorized use.

If the key is left in the ON position and there are no user inputs from: the brake pedal, parking brake, seat belt, hazard or turn signal switches, the gear selector, and the headlight switch; the vehicle will enter sleep mode after some time to prevent the batteries from fully discharging. To exit the sleep mode, cycle the key switch to OFF and back to the ON position.

Always come to a complete stop before reversing direction. To choose the forward option, push the top of the switch 1 . Push the bottom of the switch to choose reverse operation 3 . When the drive mode switch is in the center position 2 , the vehicle is in neutral. The vehicle will not move if the accelerator is depressed.

High-pressure water may damage components. Wash the vehicle by hand or with a garden hose using mild soap. Certain products, including insect repellents and chemicals, will damage the speedometer lens and other plastic surfaces. Do not use alcohol to clean the instrument cluster. Do not allow insect sprays to contact the lens.

The rider information center is located in the instrument cluster. All segments will light up for one second at start-up. If the instrument cluster fails to illuminate, a battery over-voltage may have occurred and the instrument cluster may have shut off to protect the electronic speedometer. If this occurs, your dealer can provide proper diagnosis.

The information center is set to display standard units of measurement and a 12-hour clock at the factory.

• 1 State of Charge Indicator

• 2 Drive Mode/Charging Indicator

• 3 Information Display Indicator

• 4 Miles/Kilometers Indicator

• 5 Service Indicator

If equipped, the steering wheel can be tilted upward or downward for rider preference.

Pull and hold the adjustment lever 1 upward while moving the steering wheel upward or downward. Release the lever when the steering wheel is at the desired position.

The glove box is equipped with a lock to protect items from theft or damage. Use the accessory lock key to lock and unlock the glove box door. Turn the key 1/4 turn counter- clockwise to unlock the door.

The fuse for the USB port 1 is located under the hood in the fuse block. Always use fuses with the same type and rating.

Your vehicle is equipped with a battery pack. This battery pack supplies the power needed to operate the vehicle.

These batteries perform best when recharged fully and often. Recharge the batteries daily or after each use of the vehicle.

To access the battery pack, remove any rear accessory back installed on the vehicle. See Rear Accessory Backs (Option). Release the battery pack access cover fasteners and remove the cover.

• New batteries will not perform to their fullest capacity until they have been discharged and recharged 20 to 30 times.

• Batteries should be fully charged before the first use.

• Recharge the batteries daily, or after each use of the vehicle.

• Always maintain a full charge on the batteries. For best battery life, avoid discharging the batteries more than 80%. When Charging, allow the full charge cycle to complete.

• Batteries should be at room temperature when recharging. Do not charge batteries at temperatures of 110 f (43 c) or higher.

• Range may be affected by road conditions, terrain, temperature and driving habits.

The on-board battery charger is located under the hood.

The state of charge of the batteries displays in the rider information center and a “C” displays when the vehicle is charging.

When the vehicle will not be used for 10 or more days, connect the charger. The state of charge of the batteries will be monitored, and charging will automatically be initialized when the state of charge drops below 97% or when 28 days have passed since the last charge completed.

This works best for maintenance free sealed Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) batteries.

If the combined voltage of all batteries reaches 36 volts or less, a safety feature in the on- board charger will not allow the charger to activate. If this occurs, use the alternate charging method. See Batteries section in the Features and Controls chapter.

Your vehicle is equipped with either a standard charge receptacle or a fast charge receptacle. The battery charge receptacle is located at the rear of the hood, just below the windshield.

Always follow these precautions when charging:

• Position the vehicle on a level surface. Make sure the charging area is well ventilated.

• Make sure the key is off.

• Always use the recommended extension cord type.

• Inspect the extension cord for cracks, loose connections and frayed wiring. Never use a damaged extension cord.

• Always connect the charging cord to the vehicle’s charge receptacle first, then plug the cord into a wall receptacle.

• Make sure the charger uses a dedicated circuit to prevent overloading. If charging multiple vehicles, each vehicle should use a dedicated circuit.

• When disconnecting the charger, always disconnect the extension cord from the wall receptacle first, then disconnect the cord from the vehicle.

The following information applies to use of the standard charge receptacle. See Fast Charge Receptacle for information that applies to the use of the fast charge receptacle.

When charging the vehicle, always use the standard Polaris charge cord.

1. To begin charging, align and insert the charge station connector into the receptacle until it latches.

2. The lights on the charge station will indicate charging when the connection is made.

3. To remove the connector after the charge cycle is complete, press the release button and pull the connector out.

The following information applies to use of the fast charge receptacle. See Batteries section in the Features and Controls Section for information that applies to the use of the standard charge receptacle.

1. Always use SAE J1772 approved charge stations and connectors.

2. To begin charging, align and insert the charge station connector into the receptacle until it latches.

3. The lights on the charge station will indicate charging when the connection is made.

4. To remove the connector after the charge cycle is complete, press the release button and pull the connector out.

If the combined voltage of all batteries reaches 36 volts or less, a safety feature in the on- board charger will not allow the charger to activate. Use the alternate charging method to add a small charge to each battery separately. The on-board charger will then activate properly to recharge all batteries to a full charge.

Use a 12-volt battery charger to charge 12-volt batteries. Charge each battery individually.

Use a 12-volt charger to charge 6-volt batteries. Charge in four groups, each consisting of two sequentially wired batteries.

1. Set the battery charger to the medium amp setting (10 to 30 amps).

2. Charge each battery for 10-20 minutes.

3. Move quickly from battery to battery, as this is only a residual charge and it will dissipate in a short period of time.

4. After charging the last battery, remove the off-board charger leads and plug the vehicle in.

5. If the on-board charger does not recognize the residual charge and activate, repeat the alternate charging method.

• Always make sure that all 12-volt electrical accessories are grounded directly to the negative (-) post on the terminal board. Never use the chassis or body as a ground connection. See 12–Volt Terminal Board Connections section in the Features and Controls chapter.

• Make sure vent caps are installed properly and securely during vehicle operation and battery charging.

• Never connect a 12–volt accessory directly to the batteries. Always connect any powered accessory to the 12–volt terminal board. See 12–Volt Terminal Board Connections section in the Features and Controls chapter.

• Never connect jumper cables to any of the batteries of this vehicle.

  CAUTION

  Always wear safety glasses or approved eye protection when servicing the vehicle. Wear a full-face shield and gloves when working with or around batteries and electrical connectors.

• Use only insulated tools when working in the battery compartment.

• Always keep battery terminals and connections clean and free of corrosion at all times. See Battery Inspections/Maintenance and Battery Cleaning section in the Maintenance chapter.

• The Brammo® Lithium Ion batteries in your vehicle will not accept a charge unless internal battery temperatures are at or above 41 f (5 c).

• When ambient temperature is at or above -16 f (-27 c), the battery heaters will use battery pack energy to warm the batteries to an internal temperature of 41 f (5 c), at which point the batteries will accept a charge.

• The battery heaters will not operate when ambient temperature is below -16 f (-27 c).

• When ambient temperature is below -16 f (-27 c), the vehicle should remain in storage until ambient temperature is at or above -16 f (-27 c).

Whenever ambient temperatures could drop below freezing during storage:

• Always make sure the batteries contain at least 20% state of charge (SOC).

• Always connect the charger to make sure the batteries can support operation of the battery heaters and recharge the batteries as needed.

Remove the upper dash to access the 12-volt terminal board 1. Always make sure that all 12-volt electrical accessories are grounded directly to the negative (-) post on the terminal board. Never use the chassis or body as a ground connection. Use the positive (+) terminal only for accessories that require constant power (when the ignition key is off). Use the accessory (ACC) terminal for accessories that require power only when the ignition key is on.

• This vehicle is equipped with three-point lap and diagonal seat belts for all occupants. Always make sure the seat belts are secured for operator and all passengers before operating.

• When the key is turned on, the seat belt indicator lamp will illuminate if the driver’s seat belt is not fastened.

• To wear the seat belt properly, follow this procedure:

1. Pull the seat belt latch plate 1 downward and across your chest toward the buckle 2 at the inner edge of the seat.

2. Slide the latch plate up the webbing as far as needed for the belt to reach across your hips. The belt should fit snugly across your hips and diagonally across your chest. Make sure the belt is not twisted.

3. Push the latch plate into the buckle until it clicks.

4. Release the strap, it will self-tighten.

5. To remove slack in the lap belt portion of the belt, pull upward on the shoulder belt. To loosen the lap belt if it is too tight, tilt the buckle and pull the lap belt slightly longer.

6. To release the seat belt, press the square red button 3 in the buckle’s center. If necessary, slide the buckle down the webbing to allow it to retract fully.

• In a rear seat, you may have trouble tightening the lap/shoulder belt on the restraint because the buckle or latch plate is too close to the belt path opening on the restraint. Disconnect the latch plate from the buckle and twist the short buckle-end belt several times to shorten it. Insert the latch plate into the buckle with the release button facing outward.

• If the belt still cannot be tightened when using a safety seat, or if pulling and pushing on the restraint loosens the belt, disconnect the latch plate from the buckle, turn the buckle around and insert the latch plate into the buckle again. If you still cannot make the restraint secure, try a different seating position.

Inspect all seat belts for proper operation before each use of the vehicle.

1. Push the latch plate into the buckle until it clicks. The latch plate must slide smoothly into the buckle. A click indicates that it's securely latched.

2. Push the red release latch in the middle of the buckle to make sure it releases freely.

3. Pull each seat belt completely out and inspect the full length for any damage, including cuts, wear, fraying or stiffness. If any damage is found, or if the seat belt does not operate properly, have the seat belt system checked and/or replaced by a GEM authorized service dealer.

4. To clean dirt or debris from the seat belts, sponge the straps with mild soap and water. Do not use bleach, dye or household detergents.

1. Check the brake system for fluid leaks.

2. Check the brake pedal for excessive travel or a spongy feel.

3. Check the friction pads for wear, damage and looseness.

4. Inspect the brake disc spline and pad wear surface for excessive wear.

5. Change pads when worn to 0.030 in (0.762 mm) 1.

Inspect the brake system routinely. Inspect the brake fluid level before each operation. If the level drops between fluid checks, add brake fluid as needed. Your authorized GEM dealer can provide service.

1. Position the vehicle on a level surface.

2. Open the hood. The brake fluid reservoir is located on the driver’s side of the vehicle, above and to the rear of the front tire.

3. View the brake fluid level in the reservoir. The level should be between the upper (MAX) 1 and lower (MIN) 2 level lines.

4. If the fluid level is lower than the upper level line, add brake fluid to the upper (MAX) line.

5. Apply the brake forcefully for the few seconds and check for fluid leakage around the fittings.

Change the brake fluid every two years and any time the fluid becomes contaminated, the fluid level is below the minimum, or if the type and brand of the fluid in the reservoir are unknown. Always use DOT4 brake fluid.

Proper tire pressure is essential to the safe and comfortable operation of your vehicle. Check tire pressure daily, or before each use of the vehicle. For recommended tire pressures, see the manufacturer’s label on your vehicle or the specifications section.

Any accelerated wear of tires may be an indicator of improper alignment or poor driving habits. Your authorized GEM dealer can assist.

Rotate wheels every 5000 mi (8000 km), or more frequently if needed.

Always replace tires when tread depth is worn to 1/8 in (3 mm) or less. 1

Inspect the following items occasionally for tightness, and if they've been loosened for maintenance service. Do not lubricate the stud, the lug nut, or the washers (washers equipped on vehicles with factory steel wheels).

Check wheels for proper torque after first 100 mi (160 km) driven and the first 100 mi (160 km) after any wheel is removed.

• 1 13 inch Steel wheels: 50 ft-lbs (67.8 N·m)

• 2 14 inch Cast Aluminum wheels: 63 ft-lbs (85.4 N·m)

• 3 16 inch Cast Aluminum wheels: 63 ft-lbs (85.4 N·m)

1. Position the vehicle on a dry, firm, level surface.

2. Set the park brake.

3. Turn the key off.

4. Block both the front and rear of the tire that is located diagonally opposite the jacking position. For example, if the right front tire is being changed, block the left rear wheel.

5. Use a small floor style jack or low profile scissors jack only. Jack the vehicle only from the side of the vehicle, on the main frame rail, at the point where the tub or floor panel support and the main frame rail are welded 1 . Alternative locations include the rear frame rail and the center of the front cross member.

6. Remove the wheel nuts and cone washers (for vehicles with factory steel wheels).

7. Remove the wheel.

1. Set the park brake.

2. Place the wheel in the correct position on the wheel hub. Be sure the valve stem is toward the outside and rotation arrows on the tire point toward forward rotation.

3. Attach the wheel nuts and finger tighten. For vehicles with steel wheels, install cone washers then install new lug nuts. With hand tools, lightly tighten the nuts.

4. Carefully lower the vehicle to the ground.

5. Torque the wheel nuts to specification in the same criss-cross pattern as shown.

If an LED light fails to work properly, the entire assembly must be replaced. Your authorized GEM dealer can provide service.

1. Place the vehicle on a level surface with the headlight approximately 25 ft (7.6 m) from a wall 1.

2. Measure the distance from the floor to the center of the headlight and make a mark on the wall at the same height.

3. Apply the brakes. Turn the key on. Turn the headlights on.

4. Observe the headlight aim. The most intense part of the headlight beam should be aimed 8 in (20 cm) below the mark placed on the wall 2. Include the weight of a rider on the seat while performing this step.

5. If a headlight needs adjustment, access the adjustment screw under the hood or through the wheel well.

6. Loosen the headlight adjustment screw, adjust the headlight, and tighten the screw.

7. Repeat steps 4-6 until the lamp is properly adjusted.

Several battery pack configurations exist for GEM vehicles.

• Four 12-volt lead acid batteries

• Eight 6-volt lead acid batteries

• Single module lithium ion battery pack

• Dual module lithium ion battery pack

To access the battery pack, remove any rear accessory back installed on the vehicle. See Rear Accessory Backs (Option). Release the battery pack access cover fasteners and remove the cover.

Use a liquid household glass cleaner to remove normal dust and dirt. To remove oil, grease or road tar, use isopropyl alcohol, then wash these surfaces with water. Dry gently with a soft cloth or chamois.

Using a circular motion, remove excess dirt from seats with a clean, damp cloth and warm water. Substances such as tar, asphalt and other soils will stain if not removed quickly. Use a clean cloth and solvent type vinyl cleaner, then wash the area thoroughly with a damp cloth and mild liquid detergent. Rinse with cool water. Towel dry any remaining water.

Use mild liquid detergent and warm water to clean the interior. Remove detergent or deposits with a clean, damp cloth.

Any time the vehicle will be parked for more than 10 days, follow the recommended storage procedures:

1. Make any necessary repairs and clean the vehicle. See Cleaning and Storage.

2. Clean and prepare batteries for storage. See Battery section for more instruction.

   NOTICE

   Batteries can be permanently damaged (and the warranty voided) if allowed to remain in a low state of charge. Fully charge batteries before storing. In hot climates, battery self-discharge will increase. In cold climates, batteries could freeze if not properly charged.

3. Store the vehicle out of the sun in a cool, dry place.

4. Be sure the storage area is well ventilated.

5. Turn the key off.

6. Verify that tire pressure is at specification.

7. Block the wheels to prevent rolling.

   WARNING

   Do not cover the vehicle while the charger is connected. Dangerous levels of hydrogen gas could accumulate.

8. If the vehicle is not connected to the charger, unplug the service disconnect first, then disconnect any electrical accessory connections. Next, remove the upper dashboard to access the 12–volt auxiliary battery and disconnect its negative cable. Cover the vehicle with a genuine GEM vehicle cover. Do not use plastic or coated materials. They do not allow enough ventilation to prevent condensation, and may promote corrosion and oxidation.

This Polaris limited warranty excludes any failures that are not caused by a defect in material or workmanship. THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER CLAIMS OF DEFECTIVE DESIGN. This warranty also does not cover acts of God, accidental damage, normal wear and tear, abuse or improper handling. This warranty also does not cover any vehicle, component, or part that has been altered structurally, modified, neglected, improperly maintained or used for racing, competition or purposes other than for which it was designed, or for any damages which occur during trailer transit or as a result of unauthorized service or the use of unauthorized parts.

This warranty excludes damages or failures resulting from improper lubrication; corrosion; improper engine timing; improper fuel; surface imperfections caused by external stress, heat, cold or contamination; operator error or abuse; improper component alignment, tension, adjustment or altitude compensation; snow, water, dirt or other foreign substance ingestion/contamination; improper maintenance; modified components; use of aftermarket or unapproved components, accessories, or attachments; use of unapproved software or calibration; unauthorized repairs; or repairs made after the warranty period expires or by an unauthorized repair center.

This warranty excludes damages or failures caused by abuse, accident, fire, explosion, or any other cause other than a defect in materials or workmanship and provides no coverage for consumable components, general wear items, or any parts exposed to friction surfaces, stresses, environmental conditions and/or contamination for which they were not designed or not intended, including but not limited to the following items:

The battery coverage included in this warranty provides no coverage for:

• Batteries that fail due to lack of battery maintenance, over-charging, under-charging, abuse or neglect

• Batteries that fail due to fire, wreckage, explosion, or freezing

• Broken batteries

• Batteries damaged by a non-OEM charger

• Batteries to which an additive is added

• Batteries which have been improperly stored and allowed to discharge

• Any battery pack with other manufacturer's products

• Any battery improperly installed or with loose or corroded hardware

This warranty provides no coverage for personal loss or expense, including mileage, transportation costs, hotels, meals, shipping or handling fees, product pick-up or delivery, replacement rentals, loss of product use, loss of profits, or loss of vacation or personal time.

THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY SHALL BE, AT POLARIS' OPTION, REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF ANY DEFECTIVE MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, OR PRODUCTS. THE REMEDIES SET FORTH IN THIS WARRANTY ARE THE ONLY REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. POLARIS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY TO ANY PERSON FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OF ANY DESCRIPTION, WHETHER ARISING OUT OF EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OR ANY OTHER CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER TORT OR OTHERWISE. THIS EXCLUSION OF CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, AND SPECIAL DAMAGES IS INDEPENDENT FROM AND SHALL SURVIVE ANY FINDING THAT THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.

THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS EXCLUDED FROM THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. ALL OTHER IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY) ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE ABOVE WARRANTY PERIODS. POLARIS DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS WARRANTIES NOT STATED IN THIS WARRANTY. SOME STATES DO NOT PERMIT THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON THE DURATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU IF INCONSISTENT WITH CONTROLLING STATE LAW.